It should be easy to check the socket for the headlight with a voltmeter. One pin will be ground, and the other pins will be for low beam and high beam. Get ahold of the wiring diagram for your bike (you'll find links for that on this site), turn the key on, and measure away.
If your voltmeter is also an ohmmeter, you can check the continuity of the new headlight element as well. It's hard to believe it's defective from the store, but it does happen sometimes.
I'm also wondering if there's something unique about the lamps used for motorcycles. I can't think they'd be that different from the automotive models, but you never know.
Wow...a whole lot of vagueness in this post. I should be more positive...or maybe not.
Luke M
Used to have a 1979 CB750L, sold it as a parts bike, now riding a slightly modified 1984 VT700C. Network/Field Engineer. Central OH, USA, Earth, Sol System, Milky Way Galaxy, Universe.