The best shocks, near that price range, are
Progressive 12 Series: Standard Duty, and Heavy Duty Springs are available.
DO NOT purchase the Heavy Duty Springs: I did, and on their lowest setting, they are still too stiff, riding two-up, with full saddlebags, and a full trunk! The Standard Duty will suffice, single,
or double, with full luggage... They have five pre-load settings, like the OEM shocks, and we ran our '79 K on the lowest setting with the HD Springs, bike fully loaded; on our 800# Voyager,
with Standard Duty Springs, we run it at setting #2 (#1 being the softest), riding two-up, full saddlebags, and a full trunk!
The Progressives have a "progressively wound spring", which means, dual-rate springs (acts like both a heavy duty spring, for deep holes, as well as a gentler spring, for smooth roadways -- all from one spring). They are not as good as Ohlins, but they are damn nice. I put the same model on my Voyager 1200 touring machine (OEM were air-assisted, oil filled, PITA's...).
A word of warning: if you get the 12 Series on the rear, you will find the front Fork Springs woefully lacking -- they have those, too, progressively wound. The full combination will transform both the ride, and the handling: it will ride, and handle, like a modern bike -- amazing difference on my '79 K model, couldn't believe the difference, and the comfort!
Here is the price breakdown from their
online catalog ("What fits my ride?") (other online sources sell them for less... shop around -- it pays!):
12 Series Shocks (pair) for 1980 CB750F: $203.52
Black Springs, Standard Duty (Chrome are $16 more): $76.95
Fork Springs (pair): $92.95
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Total = $373.42
Without the Fork Springs: Total = $280.47
With regards to measurements, contact Progressive's tech support via their web page 'contact us':
link.
1979 CB750K (sold, 2012, but not forgotten)
1983 Kawasaki 440 LTD Belt Drive (sold, 2011)
1993 Kawasaki Voyager XII