This is presuming you have a lead/acid battery, and not one of the gelcell or AGM batteries:
Depending on how long you run it with little or no water, you may have killed it. Charging a battery while low on electrolyte is very hard on the plates.
Use distilled water to fill it enough to cover the plates. Try not to overfill.
Put it on a low current charger/tender overnight or longer.
Once it's done charging, check the voltage. Ideally it will be at 13-13.5v with no load.
If the charging system is fully functional, you should see 14-14.5v at the battery terminals when the engine is at 2000 rpm. Any higher than 15v, and you may have issues with the regulator. Less than that, and your rectifier may have issues (bad diode, corroded yellow wire connection, stator/rotor problem).
Again, the FSM has good procedures to test the charging system.
I hope this helps.
Luke M
Used to have a 1979 CB750L, sold it as a parts bike, now riding a slightly modified 1984 VT700C. Network/Field Engineer. Central OH, USA, Earth, Sol System, Milky Way Galaxy, Universe.