+1 to SeesTheDay. I wouldn't think it's seized. More likely either a bad solenoid or perhaps a locked up starter.
The solenoid is under the seat, near the left side cover. It should click when you hit the START button. If the low voltage coil in the solenoid is good, it will actuate the solenoid and close the high current contacts, effectively connecting the battery to the + connection on the starter. If it doesn't click, then there may be an issue with the START switch or wiring, or the solenoid itself. You _can_ disassemble the solenoid to clean the contacts, but it may be easier to find a new one and swap it in. They're cheap enough.
If the starter doesn't go whir, then remove it from the bike (documented in the FSM). Then take some jumper cables, and connect + on the battery to the + cable on the starter, connect the - to the - post on the battery, and gently touch the other end to the starter case. It is a high torque motor, so it may jump when it tries to spin.
If it goes whir, and doesn't sound like it's binding, then my first guess would be bad solenoid, or possibly the gear set for the starter (in the left side engine cover) might have some issues: missing bolt, broken gear, etc. Center stand the bike if you are removing that left engine cover: oil will come out.
If the starter doesn't spin, it's possible the starter guts need to be replaced. There is a rebuild kit available for these on EBay for not much money. Details on starter diagnosis/rebuilding are also in the FSM.
I hope this helps. Let's just hope it's something simple and inexpensive. It sure would suck if the motor is seized, but let's just keep thinking happy thoughts for now. Good luck.
Luke M
Used to have a 1979 CB750L, sold it as a parts bike, now riding a slightly modified 1984 VT700C. Network/Field Engineer. Central OH, USA, Earth, Sol System, Milky Way Galaxy, Universe.