Puzzled as to why you would pull the carbs to sync them, but regaurdless...
Did you check your intake boots for cracks? You might not have got the carbs seated into them properly or if they were hard and brittle, damaged them by disturbing the seal. Are all the clamps tight? Also it would help to know when the backfire occurs. Idle, certain RPM range / throttle position, or WOT.
For your o-ring question, I'd bet a 2" long strip of black rubber would be from one of the cam chain tensioners.
81 Honda CB750C - Current Project
67 BSA Spitfire MkIII - Next Up (Full Resto)
81 Honda GL1100 - Bob / CafeĀ“
80 Suzuki GS750L - Bratstyle
72 Honda CB450K5 - Basket Case
73 Honda CB350F Cafe' (Gone but not forgotten)
Don't wait for opportunity to knock... kick the door down and drag the old harlot in!