For what it's worth, I'm a newbie with the EXACT SAME problem. I purchased a 1980 CB750K six wekes ago from a small local motorsports shop. He first replaced the Regulator Rectifrier without doing any testing. I found two simular cases, one with ( ElectroSport) a resourse for Trouble Shooting Motorcycle Charging Systems. I gave these to the shop to help him find the problem with my bike.
See links
http://www.charter.net/google/redirect.php?to=aHR0cDovL2VuLmFsbGV4cGVydHMuY29tL3EvTW90b3JjeWNsZS1SZXBhaXItODM3L0hvbmRhLUNCNzUwLUstMTk4Mi5odG0%3D&context=results.1&count=2&_LT=GRLK_GBARGLBLX_OGRSRThen he replaced the Stator. and finally the Rotor. I took it for a short test ride Saturday and it ran terrible. It was backfiring when I got on the throttle, and was reving at 2500-3000 RPM at idle. I drove it home and put the battery charger on it once more. This time it indicated that it was charged. I attemped to ride it again, cranked the starter for about 7 seconds with the run switch in the off position. Then turned it on and tried again. The starter turned over slow but the engine started. I turned it off, and tried again. It would not turn over.
I charged the battery overnight. Today I put it on it's rear stand and started the engine. With the lights on high beam, and the idle adjusted to 1,100 RPM, it ran exactly 30 minutes then stopped. The battery was discharged.
Did you find the problem with your bike yet? If not I hope this helps.